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1.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(3): 373, dic. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1531731

ABSTRACT

La Canasta Alimentaria Normativa (CAN) es un instrumento estratégico de planificación y seguimiento, que impacta el ámbito económico (fijación del salario mínimo SM y del umbral de la pobreza relativa), la seguridad alimentaria y la salud pública. El objetivo fue describir la evolución histórica de la CAN en Venezuela, contrastando su valoración económica respecto al SM durante el período 1990 ­ 2023. Tipo de estudio: Descriptivo. Se empleó la CAN del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas/Instituto Nacional de Nutrición (INE/INN) y su comparación con la canasta del Centro de Documentación y Análisis Social de la Federación Venezolana de Maestros(CENDAS ­ FVM). Los valores mensuales de la CAN y del SM se recalcularon a dólares USA, de acuerdo a la tasa de cambio oficial. No se incluyó evaluación de la estructura interna, ni sus expresiones en términos de aporte de energía y nutrientes. Resultados: Desde 1990 hasta el año 2015, se requirieron entre1,0 y 1,8 SM y entre 0,6 y 1,7 Ingresos Mínimos Legales (IML)para acceder a la CAN. Para el año 2023 se requirieron hasta 78,3SM y 51,6 IML. El valor promedio de la canasta del CENDAS-FVM fue superior al valor de la CAN INE/INN, en una proporción de 1,7: 1. Conclusiones: la CAN resultó sensible en identificar los cambios y tendencias de su estimación económica, en el ambiente inflacionario venezolano. El uso de sus resultados está sujeta a cierto grado de discrecionalidad política. El costo de la CAN, expresa una contracción del poder de compra de los hogares venezolanos con potenciales impactos sobre la nutrición y la salud física y mental a corto y largo plazo.


The Normative Food Basket (NFB) represents astrategic planning and monitoring instrument, which impactsthe economic sphere (setting of the minimum wage (MW) andthe relative poverty threshold), food security and public health.The objective was to describe the historical evolution of the NFB in Venezuela, contrasting its economic valuation with respect to the MW during the period 1990 ­ 2023. Type of study: Descriptive. The NFB of the National Institute of Statistics/National Institute of Nutrition (NIS/NIN) was used and itscomparison with the basket of the Center for Documentationand Social Analysis of the Venezuelan Federation of Teachers (CENDAS ­ FVM). The monthly values of the NFB and theMW were recalculated into dollars (US$), according to theofficial exchange rate. No evaluation of the internal structurewas included, nor its expressions in terms of energy and nutrientcontribution. Results: From 1990 to 2015, between 1.0 and1.8 MW and between 0.6 and 1.7 Minimum Legal Income(MLI) were required to access the NFB. By 2023, up to 78.3MW and 51.6 MLI were required. The average value of the CENDAS-FVM basket was higher than the value of the NFBNIS/NIN, in a proportion of 1.7: 1. Conclusions: As a statistical operation, the NFB was sensitive in identifying changes andtrends in its estimate economic, in the Venezuelan inflationaryenvironment. The use of its results is subject to a certain degree ofpolitical discretion. The cost of CAN expresses a contraction inthe purchasing power of Venezuelan households with potentialimpacts on nutrition and physical/mental health in the shortand long term.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Health , Malnutrition/economics , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Food Supply/standards , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Basic Health Services , Feeding Behavior , Inflation, Economic
2.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(3): 377, dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1531130

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizarla relación entre los indicadores de seguridad alimentaria,subalimentación y costo de la canasta alimentaria en el contextode las políticas públicas en materia alimentaria en Venezuela,durante el periodo comprendido entre 2017 y 2022. Para ello, sellevó a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de los datos disponibles sobrela seguridad alimentaria en Venezuela, incluyendo informaciónsobre la subalimentación, y el costo de la canasta alimentaria.Asimismo, se analizaron las políticas públicas implementadas enel país en materia alimentaria durante el periodo de estudio, conel fin de entender su impacto en los indicadores de seguridadalimentaria. Ninguna de las asociaciones estudiadas resultó sersignificativa a nivel estadístico (p>0,05), por lo que, aunqueteóricamente existe una relación entre estos indicadores en elperíodo estudiado, el carácter multidimensional prevalece y hacecompleja la posibilidad de comparaciones. Se identificaron laspolíticas públicas que requieren mejoras o ajustes para proteger laseguridad alimentaria del venezolano. Estos resultados obtenidospodrán ser de utilidad para los responsables de la toma dedecisiones en el país, así como para los investigadores yprofesionales interesados en el tema de la seguridad alimentariay la nutrición


EL objective of this study is to analyzethe relationship between the indicators of food security,undernourishment and the cost of the food basket in thecontext of public policies on food in Venezuela, during theperiod between 2017 and 2022. For this, an exhaustive analysisof the available data on food security in Venezuela wascarried out, including information on undernourishment, andthe cost of the food basket. Likewise, the public policiesimplemented in the country regarding food during the studyperiod were analyzed, in order to understand their impacton food security indicators. None of the associations studiedturned out to be statistically significant (p>0.05), therefore,although theoretically there is a relationship between theseindicators in the period studied, the multidimensional natureprevails and makes comparability complex. Public policies that require improvements or adjustments to protect Venezuelanfood security were identified. These results obtained may beuseful for those responsible for decision-making in the country,as well as for researchers and professionals interested in thesubject of food security and nutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Policy , Malnutrition , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Basic Health Services , Health Policy , Nutritive Value
3.
Ludovica pediátr ; 26(2): 28-38, dic.2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531133

ABSTRACT

La malnutrición en los pacientes hospitalizados representa un importante problema sanitario asociado a una mayor tasa de complicaciones con un incremento de la morbimortalidad


Malnutrition in hospitalized patients represents a significant health problem associated with an increased rate of complications and higher morbidity and mortality


Subject(s)
Child, Hospitalized , Enteral Nutrition , Malnutrition , Child , Nutritional Status , Protein-Energy Malnutrition
4.
San Salvador; MINSAL; oct. 04, 2023. 78 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1512615

ABSTRACT

Actualmente, 1 de cada 6 niños tiene desnutrición crónica, condición que genera consecuencias preocupantes en el neurodesarrollo y que limitan el progreso del país. En la actualidad la información estadística se enfoca en los primeros 5 años de vida, pero es fundamental realizar intervenciones oportunas en las niñas y niños menores de diez años, ya que en esta etapa se establecen las bases para las funciones cerebrales superiores como la memoria, el lenguaje, el razonamiento lógico, la percepción espacial, la discriminación visual y auditiva. El Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud, suma esfuerzos para orientar al clínico sobre el abordaje integral de la desnutrición severa, basados en evidencia científica actualizada, siendo vital brindar cuidados cariñosos, intervención oportuna del personal de salud, la familia y comunidad, para evitar o disminuir secuelas o complicaciones


Currently, 1 in 6 children suffer from chronic malnutrition, a condition that has worrying consequences for neurodevelopment and limits the country's progress. Currently the statistical information is focused on the first 5 years of life, but it is essential to make timely interventions in girls and boys under the age of ten, since at this stage the foundations are established for higher brain functions such as memory, language, logical reasoning, spatial perception, visual and auditory discrimination. The National Integrated Health System is working to guide clinicians on the comprehensive approach to severe malnutrition, based on up-to-date scientific evidence, and it is vital to provide loving care and timely intervention by health personnel, family and community, to prevent or reduce sequelae or complications


Subject(s)
Child , Severe Acute Malnutrition , Comprehensive Health Care , Malnutrition , El Salvador
6.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(supl. 2): 58-64, sept. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1532918

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Mundialmente se observaron consecuencias negativas en la salud por el aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19; el sobrepeso y la obesidad mostraron tendencias crecientes. Objetivo. Analizar los cambios en el sobrepeso, obesidad y alimentación de escolares del noroeste de México antes y después del aislamiento por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron y analizaron el peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura de escolares del noroeste de México pre y post pandemia por COVID 19 (n=479 y n=820). Además, se analizaron los cambios en la alimentación en una submuestra de 203 y 179 escolares pre y post pandemia, respectivamente. Resultados. La edad promedio de los escolares en 2019 fue 8,9 ±1,75 y en el 2022 de 9,1 ± 1,54 años. Se observó un aumento de 6,2 puntos porcentuales en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y diferencias en la distribución de las categorías del estado nutricio (p=0,049) entre los dos periodos. También, se observaron cambios en la adiposidad central con un aumento de 3 centímetros en la circunferencia de cintura (p=0,001; 62,6 y 65,6 cm). El índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) mostró una alimentación poco saludable durante los dos periodos. Conclusiones. El aumento en las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de obesidad central durante la emergencia epidemiológica, indicaron un deterioro del estado nutricio de los escolares, que coincide con los reportes en poblaciones a nivel mundial y en Latinoamérica; los resultados resultan preocupantes dada la problemática antes de la emergencia(AU)


Introduction. Negative health consequences due to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed worldwide; overweight and obesity showed increasing trends. Objective. To analyze the changes in overweight, obesity and diet of schoolchildren in northwest Mexico before and after lockdown due to COVID-19. Materials and methods. Weight, height, and waist circumference of schoolchildren (n=479 pre-pandemic and n=820 post-pandemic) were collected in public schools located in medium to high marginalization neighborhoods. In the same periods dietary data was collected from a subsample of 203 and 179 schoolchildren, respectively. Results. The average age of schoolchildren in 2019 was 8,9 ±1,75 and 9,1 ± 1,54 in 2022. An increase in percentage of 6,2 was observed in the overweight plus obesity prevalence and a significant difference in the distribution of nutritional status (p=0,049) between the two periods. In addition, changes in central adiposity were observed, with an increase of 3 centimeters in waist circumference (p=0,001; 62,6 and 65,6 cm). The healthy eating index (HAI) classified the diet of schoolchildren as unhealthy during both periods. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as central adiposity is worrying given that they were already a health problem before the COVID 19 confinement(AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Nutritional Status , Pediatric Obesity , COVID-19 , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Malnutrition , Overweight , Waist Circumference , Sedentary Behavior , Pandemics , Diet, Healthy
7.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(supl. 2): 65-72, sept. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1532920

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Brazil's health system offers insights into addressing the double burden of malnutrition by proper population monitoring, coupled with local policies and national guidelines. Objective. To investigate the recent temporal trends in nutritional status indicators and its coverage of children aged two to five years from Campinas, a metropolis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Material and methods. The analysis of time series from 2018 to 2022 were conducted by accessing data from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) due to regression analysis. Results. The number of children aged two to five in the SISVAN registry rose from 7,300 in 2018 to 11,171 in 2022, forming the study sample. In 2018, 700 were chronically undernourished, 306 underweight, and 977 overweight; by 2022, 530 showed stunting, 457 were underweight, and 1,084 overweight. Stunting prevalence declined from 9.6% (2018) to 4.7% (2022). Underweight dropped slightly from 4.2% to 4.1% over the years and overweight, consistently the highest indicator, ranged from 13.4% (2018) to 9.7% (2022). SISVAN's coverage varied between 16.6% (2018) and 26.1% (2022), the lowest at 12.3% in 2020. The trend for stunting decreased significantly (APV: -15.01; CI95% -22.64; -6.62). Adding SISVAN's coverage variable the model slightly reduced the declining stunting trend (APV: -12.12; CI95% -13.19; -11.04). Conclusions. Coordinated efforts to address nutritional challenges, from adequate population monitoring to the interaction between local policies and national guidelines, have shown positive health outcomes(AU)


Introducción. El sistema de salud de Brasil ofrece conocimientos valiosos para abordar la doble carga de malnutrición mediante el seguimiento adecuado de la población y políticas locales y nacionales. Objetivo. Investigar las tendencias temporales recientes en indicadores nutricionales y cobertura en niños de dos a cinco años en Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron datos del SISVAN de 2018 a 2022 con regresión temporal. Resultados. Niños de dos a cinco años en el SISVAN pasaron de 7,300 en 2018 a 11,171 en 2022. En 2018, 700 estaban crónicamente desnutridos, 306 con bajo peso y 977 con sobrepeso; en 2022, 530 con retraso en el crecimiento, 457 con bajo peso y 1,084 con sobrepeso. La prevalencia del retraso en el crecimiento bajó de 9,6% a 4,7%. El bajo peso disminuyó levemente del 4,2% al 4,1% y el sobrepeso osciló del 13,4% al 9,7%. La cobertura de SISVAN varió de 16.6% a 26.1%, con un mínimo de 12.3% en 2020. La tendencia del retraso en el crecimiento disminuyó significativamente (APV: -15.01; CI95% -22.64; -6.62). La inclusión de la cobertura de SISVAN redujo levemente esta tendencia (APV: -12.12; CI95% -13.19; -11.04). Conclusiones. Coordinar esfuerzos para abordar los desafíos nutricionales, desde el seguimiento de la población hasta políticas locales y nacionales, ha tenido resultados positivos para la salud(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Nutritional Status , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Malnutrition , Obesity
8.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(3): 180-190, sept 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1516062

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En Chile la prevalencia de obesidad total en población escolar alcanza al 31% y la obesidad severa al 10,8%. La Región de Magallanes y Antártica Chilena, es una de las más afectadas por esta epidemia. El diagnóstico nutricional confiable y una intervención oportuna pueden evitar que los niños enfermen y deterioren su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia del estado nutricional de escolares de la Región de Magallanes, según datos reportados por la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas, JUNAEB, entre 2009-2019 y comparar resultados del año 2010 con un estudio propio. Materiales y métodos. Se analizó el estado nutricional de 71.334 escolares de la Región de Magallanes y Antártica Chilena por nivel educacional y variables demográficas, según información de JUNAEB. Luego se compararon los resultados de escolares de 1º básico del año 2010, obtenidos a través de dos metodologías: fuente secundaria, Encuesta JUNAEB, y fuente primaria, estudio antropométrico realizado en la misma región y año. Resultados. Según datos de JUNAEB el exceso ponderal se incrementó en escolares de la región en 4,4 % entre 2009 y 2019, el grupo más afectado fue 1º básico. En el año 2010 la prevalencia de obesidad para escolares de 1º básico según JUNAEB fue 21,8% y según estudio regional propio fue 25,7%. Conclusiones. La malnutrición por exceso afecta al 53,8% de los escolares de la Región de Magallanes y podría ser mayor, considerando que la información censal podría estar subestimando el sobrepeso y obesidad. Es urgente intervenir para evitar perpetuar esta epidemia(AU)


Introduction. In Chile the prevalence of total obesity in school population reaches 31% and severe obesity 10.8%. The Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica Region is one of the most affected by this epidemic. Reliable nutritional diagnosis and timely intervention can prevent children from getting sick and deteriorating their quality of life. Objective. To analyze the trend of nutritional status of schoolchildren in the Magallanes Region, according to data reported by the National Board of School Aid and Scholarships, JUNAEB between 2009-2019 and compare results from 2010 with our own study. Materials and methods. The nutritional status of 71,334 schoolchildren in the Magallanes Region and Chilean Antarctica was analyzed by educational level and demographic variables, according to information from JUNAEB. Then, the results of schoolchildren in 1st grade in 2010 were compared, obtained through two methods: secondary source, JUNAEB survey, and primary source, anthropometric study carried out in the same region and year. Results. According to JUNAEB data, overweight increased in school children in the region by 4.4% between 2009 and 2019, the most affected group was 1st grade. In 2010 the prevalence of obesity for 1st grade schoolchildren according to JUNAEB was 21.8% and according to our own regional study it was 25.7%. Conclusions. Excess malnutrition affects 53.8% of school children in the Magallanes Region and could be higher, considering that census information could be underestimating overweight and obesity. It is urgent to intervene to avoid perpetuating this epidemic(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Pediatric Obesity , Malnutrition , Overweight
9.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(4): e202202815, ago. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1442582

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La deficiencia de hierro (DH) es la carencia nutricional más prevalente y la principal causa de anemia en lactantes. Existe consenso en la suplementación diaria con hierro como estrategia de prevención; también se demostró que la suplementación semanal es eficaz, pero la evidencia en lactantes es escasa. El objetivo fue comparar la efectividad de la administración diaria de hierro frente a la semanal para la prevención de la anemia por DH del lactante. Población y métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado. Lactantes atendidos en un centro de salud público, sin anemia a los 3 meses de edad, aleatorizados en tres grupos: suplementación diaria (1 mg/kg/día), semanal (4 mg/kg/semana) o sin suplementación (grupo control con lactancia materna exclusiva [LME]). Se evaluó anemia y DH a los 3 y 6 meses. Se registró grado de adherencia y efectos adversos. Los datos se analizaron con el software R versión 4.0.3. Resultados. Participaron 227 lactantes. A los 6 meses el grupo de lactantes con LME sin suplementación (control) presentó prevalencias de DH y anemia por DH (ADH) mayores que los grupos intervenidos (diario y semanal). DH: 40,5 % vs. 13,5 % y 16,7 % (p = 0,002); ADH: 33,3 % vs. 7,8 % y 10 % (p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos diario y semanal. Tampoco hubo diferencias en el porcentaje de alta adherencia a la suplementación (50,6 % diaria vs. 57,1 % semanal), ni en los efectos adversos. Conclusiones. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la efectividad entre la administración diaria y semanal para la prevención de ADH del lactante.


Introduction. Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency and the main cause of anemia in infants. There is consensus on daily iron supplementation as a preventive strategy; and weekly iron supplementation has also been shown to be effective, but evidence in infants is scarce. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of daily versus weekly iron administration for the prevention of ID anemia (IDA) in infants. Population and methods. Randomized, controlled clinical trial. Infants seen at a public health center, without anemia at 3 months of age, were randomized into 3 groups: daily supplementation (1 mg/kg/ day), weekly supplementation (4 mg/kg/week), or no supplementation (control group with exclusive breastfeeding [EB]). Anemia and ID were assessed at 3 and 6 months old. Adherence and adverse events were recorded. Data were analyzed using the R software, version 4.0.3. Results. A total of 227 infants participated. At 6 months, the group of infants with EB without supplementation(control) had a higher prevalence of ID and IDA than the intervention groups (daily and weekly). ID: 40.5% versus 13.5% and 16.7% (p = 0.002); IDA: 33.3% versus 7.8% and 10% (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the daily and weekly supplementation groups. There were also no differences in the percentage of high adherence to supplementation (50.6% daily versus 57.1% weekly) or adverse events. Conclusions. No significant differences in effectiveness were observed between daily and weekly administration for the prevention of infant IDA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Iron/therapeutic use , Breast Feeding , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Dietary Supplements , Malnutrition/complications , Iron Deficiencies
10.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(2): e202202672, abr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1418336

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda el uso de tablas de referencia para monitorear el crecimiento y estado nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes. El peso corporal, la talla y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) son las variables más utilizadas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos estimar los percentiles de peso, talla e IMC de escolares (2009-2011) residentes en el departamento San Rafael (Mendoza) y compararlos con la referencia internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, a fin de establecer su pertinencia para la evaluación del crecimiento y estado nutricional de dicha población. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio antropométrico transversal en 3448 escolares de entre 4,00 y 13,49 años de edad. Se utilizó el programa LMS ChartMarker Pro para calcular los valores percentilares de peso/edad, talla/edad e IMC/edad, por sexo y edad, y se compararon con las curvas de la OMS. Además, se calcularon diferencias porcentuales (D%) para estimar las diferencias y su significación estadística mediante prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados. La población de San Rafael mostró, en varones y mujeres, valores percentilares superiores de peso e IMC (D% ≈7 % y 9 %, respectivamente), y menores de talla (D% ≈0,8 %) que los de la OMS (p <0,05). Conclusión. Las diferencias encontradas alertan sobre el empleo de la referencia OMS en la población escolar de San Rafael, ya que sobreestimaría las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad y desnutrición crónica, y subestimaría la de desnutrición aguda y global. Esta situación resalta la importancia de contar con una referencia local.


Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of reference tables to monitor the growth pattern and nutritional status of children and adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), weight, and height are the most commonly used variables. The objective of this study was to estimate the BMI, weight, and height percentiles for school-aged children (2009-2011) living in the department of San Rafael (Mendoza) and compare them to the international World Health Organization reference to establish their relevance for the evaluation of the growth pattern and nutritional status of this population. Population and methods. A cross-sectional anthropometric study was conducted in 3448 school-aged children aged 4.00 to 13.49 years. The LMS ChartMarker Pro software was used to estimate the BMI- for-age, weight-for-age, and height-for-age percentiles, by sex and age, and they were compared with the WHO curves. Besides, percentage differences (%D) were calculated to estimate the differences and their statistical significance using the Wilcoxon test. Results. The population of boys and girls in San Rafael showed higher weight and BMI (%D ≈ 7% and 9%, respectively) percentiles, and lower height (%D ≈ 0.8%) values than WHO reference (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The differences found warn about the use of the WHO reference in the school-aged population of San Rafael since it would overestimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and chronic malnutrition and underestimate the prevalence of acute and global malnutrition. This situation highlights the importance of having a local reference resource


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Body Height , Malnutrition , Reference Values , World Health Organization , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology
11.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(1): 32-41, mar. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1427725

ABSTRACT

El suero lácteo y la moringa poseen alto valor nutricional; sin embargo, su uso en la elaboración de productos alimenticios es una alternativa viable pero poco utilizada. Objetivo. Elaborar una galleta fortificada por sustitución parcial de harina de moringa (HM) y polvo de suero lácteo (PSL). Materiales y métodos. Durante septiembre-diciembre 2021, se desarrollaron cuatro formulaciones con sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por HM y PSL (F0=100:0:0; F1=90:5:5; F2=80:10:10; F3=70:15:15). La aceptación del producto se determinó mediante una evaluación sensorial considerando los atributos sabor, olor, color, textura y aceptación general. Se realizó el análisis químico proximal a la HM, al PSL, a la formulación de mayor aceptación y a F0. Se compararon los distintos parámetros químico proximales y de aceptación mediante una anova de una vía, seguido de una prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados. Conforme se incrementa el porcentaje de sustitución de harina de trigo por HM y PSL se obtiene menor aceptación de las galletas, siendo F1 la más aceptada. F1 registró un contenido proteico de 6,90±0,04%, significativamente mayor al observado en F0. Conclusiones. La buena aceptabilidad de F1 indica que la sustitución parcial por HM y PSL no influyen en su aceptación; además, F1 mostró un enriquecimiento de proteinas, lípidos y cenizas, así como contenido adecuado de humedad y carbohidratos(AU)


Introduction. Whey and moringa have high nutritional value; however, their use in the production of food products is a viable but rarely used alternative. Objective. To make a biscuit fortified by partial substitution of moringa flour (MF) and whey powder (WP). Materials and methods. During September-December 2021, four formulations were developed with different degrees of partial substitution of wheat flour for MF and WP (F0=100:0:0; F1=90:5:5; F2=80:10:10; F3=70:15:15). The acceptance of the product was determined through a sensory evaluation considering the attributes taste, odor, color, texture and general acceptance. A proximal chemical analysis was performed on the MF, WP, the most widely accepted formulation and F0. Proximal chemical parameters and acceptance attributes were compared using a one-way anova, followed by a Tukey mean comparison test (p<0.05). Results. As the percentage of substitution of wheat flour by MF and WP increases less acceptance of the biscuits is obtained, with F1 as the most accepted formulation. F1 registered a protein content of 6.90±0.04%, significantly higher than that observed in F0. Conclusions: The good acceptability of F1 indicates that the partial substitution of wheat flour for MF and WP do not influence its acceptance; in addition, F1, showed an enrichment of protein, lipid and ash, as well as adequate moisture and carbohydrate content(AU)


Subject(s)
Food, Fortified , Moringa oleifera , Cookies , Flour , Nutritive Value , Reference Standards , Carbohydrates , Ash , Malnutrition , Whey , Lipids
12.
ABCS health sci ; 48: e023201, 14 fev. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414580

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The measurement of the adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) has been investigated as an index for muscle mass and undernutrition. OBJECTIVE: However, there are few studies related to community-living older adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with community-dwelling older adults, of both sexes. The APMT, the body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and calf circumference (CC) were evaluated. For APMT classification, the 25th percentile value (P25 ≤9 mm) of the sample was considered to identify muscle mass deficit. Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and Poisson regression were performed, with a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Among men, APMT showed a correlation with AC (r=0.350; p<0.01), and among women it was with BMI (r=0.337; p=0.01). There was an association between the BMI classification and the APMT percentile (p=0.020). Older adults with BMI<23 kg/m² were 1.28 times more likely to have APMT≤P25 (p=0.007) and older adults with adequate BMI were 1.23 times more likely (p=0.023). Older adults with reduced CC have a 1.18 times more chance of presenting APMT≤P25 (p=0.064). CONCLUSION: APMT has been associated with BMI in older adults, proving to be a good parameter for the assessment of malnutrition.


INTRODUÇÃO: A espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) tem sido sugerido como um índice de massa muscular e desnutrição. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação da EMAP com indicadores antropométricos convencionais em idosos da comunidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 159 idosos da comunidade, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 70,9±29,4 anos. Foram avaliados a EMAP, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), as circunferências do braço (CB), muscular do braço (CMB) e da panturrilha (CP). Para classificação da EMAP se considerou o valor do percentil 25 (P25≤9 mm) da amostra para identificar déficit de massa muscular. Teste Qui-quadrado, Correlação de Pearson e Regressão de Poisson foram realizados, sendo adotado um nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Entre os homens, a EMAP apresentou correlação com a CB (r=0,350; p<0,01) e entre as mulheres foi com o IMC (r=0,337; p=0,01). Houve associação entre a classificação do IMC e o percentil da EMAP (p=0,020). Os idosos com IMC<23 kg/m² tinham 1,28 vezes mais chances de possuir EMAP≤P25 (p=0,007) e idosos com IMC adequado tinham 1,23 vezes mais chance (p=0,023). Idosos com CP reduzido apresentaram 1,18 vezes mais chance de apresentar EMAP≤P25 (p=0,064). Conclusão: A EMAP apresentou associação com o IMC em idosos, demostrando ser um bom parâmetro para a avaliação da desnutrição.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Thumb , Residence Characteristics , Anthropometry , Health of the Elderly , Malnutrition , Muscles , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ambulatory Care Facilities
13.
ABCS health sci ; 48: e023206, 14 fev. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414619

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition Impact Symptoms (NIS) are common in hospitalized patients and can be aggravated in the presence of malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: To verify the presence of NIS and its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables, sarcopenia phenotype, and nutritional status of individuals hospitalized. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with hospitalized patients, of both sexes and ≥50 years old. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed GS), and anthropometric measurements were performed up to 48 hours after admission. NIS was obtained through PG-SGA and stratified into two groups: <3 and ≥3 symptoms. The chi-square test (χ2) was performed, and a 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients (65.4±9.67 years) were studied, with the majority of men (56.7%), older people (70.0%), married (68.9%), low economic class (72.2%), without work activity (70.5%), with two previous diseases (60.0%), overweight by body mass index (46.7%) and adequate adductor pollicis muscle thickness (83.3%). The most prevalent NIS were "dry mouth", "anorexia", and "smells sick" respectively 31.1%, 30.0%, and 16.7%. There was an association between NIS and SARC-F score (p=0.002), handgrip strength (p=0.016), the status of sarcopenia (p=0.020), PG-SGA (p<0.001), and economic status (p=0.020). CONCLUSION: The identification of NIS is common, and may infer negative nutritional status and functional performance of patients. The use of protocols to identify NIS during hospitalization should be considered to minimize the negative impact on nutritional status.


INTRODUÇÃO: Sintomas de impacto nutricional (SIN) são comuns em pacientes hospitalizados e estes podem ser agravados na presença da desnutrição. OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença de SIN e sua associação com as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, fenótipo de sarcopenia e estado nutricional de indivíduos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal com pacientes internados, de ambos os sexos e idade ≥ 50 anos. Realizou-se Avaliação Subjetiva Global produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP), força de preensão palmar (FPP), velocidade de caminhada (VC) e medidas antropométricas até 48 horas da admissão. Os SIN foram obtidos por meio da ASG-PPP e compilados em <3 ou ≥3 sintomas. Realizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado (χ2). Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Um total de 90 pacientes (65,4±9,67 anos), sendo a maioria homem (56,7%), idoso (70,0%), casado (68,9%), classe econômica baixa (72,2%), sem atividade de trabalho (70,5%), com uma a duas doenças pregressas (60,0%), excesso de peso ao índice de massa corporal (46,7%) e adequada espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (83,3%). Os SIN "boca seca", "anorexia" e "cheiros enjoam" foram os mais prevalentes, respectivamente 31,1%, 30,0% e 16,7%. Houve associação dos SIN com as variáveis que compõem o fenótipo de sarcopenia: o escore SARC-F (p=0,002) e FPP (p=0,016), status de sarcopenia (p=0,020), ASG-PPP (p<0,001) e classe econômica (p=0,020). CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de SIN é comum, podendo inferir negativamente no estado nutricional e desempenho funcional dos pacientes. Considerar o uso de protocolos para identificação dos SIN durante a hospitalização a fim de minimizar a repercussão negativa no estado nutricional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition , Sarcopenia , Sociodemographic Factors , Inpatients , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e261792, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529200

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como mulheres adultas (acima de 30 anos) diagnosticadas com transtornos alimentares (TAs) vivenciam o adoecer. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa (AFI). Participaram seis mulheres, com idades entre 34 e 65 anos, atendidas em um serviço especializado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta, de inspiração fenomenológica, na modalidade remota. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas e analisadas seguindo os passos da AFI. Duas categorias temáticas foram identificadas: "Vivendo antes do adoecer" e "Encontrando-se doente." Constatou-se que os sintomas tiveram início anteriormente à vida adulta e que houve dificuldade na confirmação do diagnóstico. Na perspectiva das participantes, conviver com a sintomatologia ficou mais complicado em função de particularidades de manejo dos sintomas na vida adulta, e a idade é percebida como um fator que impacta e dificulta ainda mais a recuperação. As participantes relataram desesperança em relação ao futuro, apesar de a maioria reconhecer melhoras no quadro clínico ao longo do tempo e de valorizar a relação de confiança estabelecida com a equipe multiprofissional.(AU)


This study aimed to understand the experience of illness of adult women (over 30 years) diagnosed with eating disorders (ED). This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as theoretical and methodological framework. A sample of six women aged 34-64 years, assisted in a specialized service, were recruited to complete a phenomenological in-depth open interview. The data were remotely collected. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed following the IPA. Two thematic categories were identified: "Living before the illness" and "Finding about the illness." It was found that the symptoms started before adulthood and that there was difficulty establishing the diagnosis. Living with the symptoms became more complicated due to particularities of symptom management in adulthood and age is perceived as a factor that impacts recovery and makes it even more difficult. The participants reported hopelessness about the future, although most recognized improvements in the clinical condition over time and valued the trusting relationship they established with the multiprofessional team.(AU)


El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las experiencias de las mujeres adultas (mayores de 30 años) diagnosticadas con trastornos alimentarios (TA) respecto a la enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado a partir del marco teórico y metodológico del Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI). Participaron seis mujeres, con edades de entre 34 y 65 años, atendidas en un servicio especializado. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas abiertas, de inspiración fenomenológica, en la modalidad a distancia. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas siguiendo los pasos del AFI. Se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: "Vivir antes de enfermar" y "Encontrarse enfermo." Se constató que los síntomas comenzaron antes de la edad adulta y que hubo dificultades de establecer el diagnóstico. La convivencia con síntomas se complicó debido a las particularidades del manejo de los síntomas en la vida adulta y la edad se percibe como un factor que influye y dificulta aún más la recuperación. Los participantes manifestaron desesperanza sobre el futuro, aunque reconocieron mejoras en el cuadro clínico con el paso del tiempo y valoraron la relación de confianza establecida con el equipo multiprofesional.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Anorexia Nervosa , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Bulimia Nervosa , Pandemics , Anxiety , Perceptual Distortion , Appetite , Personal Satisfaction , Psychiatry , Psychology , Psychopathology , Quality of Life , Self-Assessment , Shame , Stomach Diseases , Stress, Psychological , Therapeutics , Thinness , Beauty Culture , Vomiting , Nutrition Rehabilitation , Body Weight , Aging , Menopause , Weight Loss , Family , Comorbidity , Mental Health , Mortality , Interview , Cultural Factors , Dehydration , Transcription Factors, General , Malnutrition , Depressive Disorder , Diagnosis , Diet , Diet Therapy , Emotions , Nutritional Sciences , Laxatives , Feeding Behavior , Binge-Eating Disorder , Bullying , Social Stigma , Physical Appearance, Body , Self-Control , Applied Behavior Analysis , Food Addiction , Rumination, Digestive , Mental Health Recovery , Body-Weight Trajectory , Embarrassment , Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder , Body-Shaming , Social Representation , Orthorexia Nervosa , Social Status , Guilt , Health Promotion , Mass Media , Mental Disorders , Metabolism , Obesity
15.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 23: e20220401, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521526

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to characterize the nutritional status of indigenous children underfive years of age living in rural communities in the Upper Solimões River region, inhabited by seven ethnic groups, based on data of december 2013. Methods: weight and height data extracted from SISVAN-I (Indigenous Food and Nutritional Surveillance System) forms filled in 2013 for 7,520 children (86.0% of the estimated children in this age group). The indices height-for-age (H/A), weight-for-age (W/A), weight-for-height(W/H), and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) were calculated. Growth reference curves proposed by the World Health Organization were used to calculate z-scores. Results: the height-for-age (H/A) index presented the lowest mean z-score values, reaching -1.95 among children between 36 and 60 months. Mean z-score values for the weight-for-age (W/A) index also remained below zero. Mean z-score values for the indices weight-for-height (W/H) and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) remained slightly above zero, reaching a maximum value of 0.5. Of all children, 45.7% presented low H/A, 9.6% presented low W/A, 4.5% presented low W/H, and 10.7% presented overweight based on BMI/A. Conclusion: our analysis show that in 2013 poor nutritional status persisted as an important health issue among these rural indigenous children.


Resumo Objetivos: caracterizar o estado nutricional de crianças indígenas menores de cinco anos, de comunidades rurais na região do Alto Solimões, habitada por sete etnias, com base em dados de dezembro de 2013. Métodos: foram extraídos dos formulários do SISVAN Indígena dados de peso e estatura, coletados em 2013, de 7.520 crianças (86,0% das crianças estimadas nesta faixa etária). Foram calculados os índices estatura-para-idade (E/I), peso-para-idade (P/I), peso-para-estatura (P/E) e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC/I). Curvas de referência para crescimento propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde foram utilizadas para calcular escores z. Resultados: o índice estatura-para-idade (E/I) apresentou os menores valores médios de escore z, chegando a -1,95 nas crianças entre 36 e 60 meses. Os valores médios do escore z do índice peso-para-idade (P/I) também permaneceram abaixo de zero. Os valores médios do escore z para os índices P/E e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC/I) mantiveram-se ligeiramente acima de zero, atingindo valor máximo de 0,5. Do total de crianças, 45,7% apresentaram baixa E/I, 9,6%, baixo P/I, 4,5% baixo P/E e 10,7% de excesso de peso de acordo com o IMC/I. Conclusão: em 2013 a desnutrição persistia como um importante agravo à saúde nessas crianças.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Health Status Disparities , Health of Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , Indigenous Peoples , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Child Nutrition , Infant Nutrition
16.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 18: 67398, 2023. ^etab, ^eilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442892

ABSTRACT

ntrodução: A desnutrição é uma das condições frequentemente observadas em pacientes sob cuidados paliativos, afetando a via de alimentação e impactando na diminuição da ingestão alimentar. O atendimento nutricional permite a identificação das alterações nutricionais, direcionando para terapia nutricional adequada. Objetivo: Analisar a terapia nutricional domiciliar e identificar o estado nutricional em pacientes sob cuidados paliativos no domicílio. Método: Estudo prospectivo, observacional com pacientes do Programa Melhor em Casa, em Guarapuava-PR. Foram avaliados por meio de anamnese, que compreendia diagnóstico clínico, exame físico, caracterização e intercorrências da dieta, SARC-F e avaliação antropométrica. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 24 pacientes, com média de idade 70,2+15,0 anos. Os principais diagnóstico clínicos foram: 45,83% câncer e 45,83% doença neurológica. O baixo peso e a classificação sugestiva de sarcopenia predominaram nos avaliados, sendo 54,17% e 87,5%, respectivamente. A via de acesso para alimentação prevalente foi a oral (45,8%), seguida de 41,7% para sonda nasoenteral; a fórmula mais utiliza foi a hiperproteica. A maioria apresentou sinal da asa quebrada (70,8%), perda da bola de Bichat (66,7%) e perda de massa nos membros superiores e inferiores. O diagnóstico nutricional padronizado mais frequente foi NC-3.2 (perda de peso não intencional), seguido de 41,7% com NI-1.2 (ingestão de energia subótima). Conclusão: Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes eram idosos, acamados, com doença neurológica e câncer. Em relação ao estado nutricional, a maioria apresentou baixo peso e sinais de desnutrição. O atendimento nutricional com pacientes em cuidados paliativos se faz necessário, pois são pacientes com risco nutricional.


Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the most common conditions seen in palliative care patients, which can affect the feeding route and decrease food intake. Nutritional counseling allows the detection of dietary changes, and referral to appropriate nutritional therapy. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze home nutritional therapy, and identify nutrient-related diagnoses in home palliative care patients. Materials and methods: It's a prospective, observational study involving patients assisted by the "Better at Home Program", in Guarapuava - PR. Anamnesis was carried out to assess the patients, which included clinical diagnosis, physical examination, diet characterization and complications, SARC-F, and anthropometric assessment. Results: The study included 24 patients, with an average age of 70,2+15,0. The most frequent clinical diagnoses were cancer (45.83 percent) and neurological disease (45.83 percent). Low weight and a classification indicative of sarcopenia predominated among the patients, accounting for 54.17% and 87.55%, respectively. The most common feeding route was oral (45.8%), followed by nasoenteral feeding l (41.7%). The most commonly used formula was the hyperproteic. The majority of patients had sunken temples (70.8%), loss of Bichat's fat pad (66.7%), and loss of muscle mass in the upper and lower limbs. The most frequent standardized nutrition diagnosis was NC-3.2 (unintentional weight loss), followed by 41.7% NI-1.2 (suboptimal energy intake). Conclusion: Most patients were elderly, bedridden, and had neurologic disease or cancer. Regarding the nutritional status, the majority were underweight and exhibited signs of malnutrition. Palliative care patients require nutritional therapy since they are at risk of malnutrition


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Palliative Care , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Nutrition Therapy , Home Nursing , Brazil , Malnutrition
17.
São Paulo; s.n; 2023. 125 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452175

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A anorexia do envelhecimento (AE) é considerada uma síndrome multicausal que desregula e reduz o consumo alimentar e aumenta o risco de desnutrição. O questionário Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) foi proposto para monitorar o apetite. Considerando a importância da anorexia e apetite como indicadores de desnutrição, a possibilidade do uso do SNAQ em serviços de saúde, para atendimento de pacientes idosos, pode ser uma estratégia importante na prevenção de agravos a saúde. Objetivos: 1-Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o questionário de rastreio de anorexia do envelhecimento SNAQ para português do Brasil; 2- Identificar a força das associações entre perda de apetite, fragilidade e fatores psicossociais em pessoas idosas; 3-Verificar a aplicabilidade clínica do critério GLIM (identificação de desnutrição proposto por Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition) para pessoas idosas que vivem na comunidade, incluindo o SNAQ nesta avaliação. Métodos: a presente tese foi desenvolvida no formato de três artigos científicos. Artigo 1 (A1)- Versão em português do questionário SNAQ: tradução e adaptação cultural - desenvolvido em cinco etapas: tradução, retrotradução, avaliação semântica, compreensão de conteúdo, pré teste e desenvolvimento da versão final; Artigo 2 (A2)- Associação entre perda de apetite, fragilidade e fatores psicossociais em pessoas idosas da comunidade - análise transversal na coorte MiMiCS-FRAIL sediada em Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram testados modelos de associação entre a perda de apetite (variável dependente - SNAQ) e a fragilidade (FI-36), sintomas depressivos (GDS) e estado socioeconômico (proxies: etnia e escolaridade) utilizando modelos de regressão logística (simples e múltiplo); Artigo 3 (A3)- Aplicabilidade do critério GLIM em pessoas idosas da comunidade no Brasil: dados do estudo MiMiCS-FRAIL - utilizando uma amostra da mesma coorte do A2, foram desenvolvidas 21 combinações dos critérios fenotípicos (perda de peso não intencional-PP, baixo Índice de Massa Corpórea-IMC e massa muscular reduzida - circunferência de panturrilha-CP) e etiológicos (redução do consumo alimentar-SNAQ e carga de doença-Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson-ICC) para as análises de melhor combinação GLIM. Estas combinações do GLIM foram comparadas com a classificação da MAN completa ("semi-padrão ouro" para desnutrição). Para tal, foram analisadas curvas ROC. As melhores combinações, conforme sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (E) foram testadas em relação a associação a fragilidade (FI-36) e sarcopenia (SARC-F). Resultados principais: A1-A versão brasileira do SNAQ manteve o significado em relação a original, requerendo modificações como inclusão de outras opções em respostas e definição do significado de refeição; A2-Os modelos de regressão múltiplos indicaram associação significativa entre perda de apetite e as seguintes variáveis independentes: idade (OR=1,11; IC95%=1,03-1,20, p<0,01), ser de etnia não branca (OR=6,47; IC95%=1,63-25,58; p<0,01) e apresentar sintomas depressivos (OR=8,38; IC95%=2,31-30,47, p<0,01); A3-A melhor combinação para identificação da desnutrição foi o GLIM1 - IMC e SNAQ (AUC=0,98; IC95%=0,97-0,99; S=1,0; E=0,96), que identificou 4,2% de desnutrição nesta amostra. Em relação a fragilidade, o GLIM20 - CP, PP, SNAQ e ICC, teve significativamente o melhor valor de beta ajustado e menor IC (ß ajustado=0,050; s=0,01; p=0,01; IC95%=0,010-0,080). Não houve associação signficativas entre GLIM e sarcopenia. Conclusões: O questionário SNAQ - versão brasileira demonstra associações com outros quadros clínicos e psicossociais que inteferem na saúde de pessoas idosas; sua fácil aplicabilidade e baixo custo indicam a possibilidade de compor o diagnósticos de desnutrição por meio do critério GLIM na nossa amostra, composta por pessoas idosas que vivem independentemente.


Background: The Anorexia of aging (AA) is a multicausal syndrome that affects food intake and decreases food consumption, leading to increased risk of malnutrition. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) was developed to monitor appetite. Anorexia and and appetite loss are initial aspects of malnutrition. So, the possibility to use the SNAQ in healthcare services for older adults evaluation might be an important strategy to prevent health negative outcomes. Objectives: 1- To translate and culturally adapt the anorexia of aging questionnaire SNAQ for Brazilian Portuguese language; 2-To identify the association between appetite loss, frailty and psychosocial factors in a group of community-dweling older adults; 3-To verify the applicability of the GLIM criteria to identify malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults, including the SNAQ in this evaluation. Methods: this thesis was developed in a three scientific article format. Article 1 (A1) - Portuguese version of the SNAQ questionnaire: translation and cultural adaptation - developed in five steps: translation, backtranslation, semantic evaluation, comprehension of content; pre-test and the SNAQ final version development; Article 2 (A2) - The association between appetite loss, frailty and psychosocial factors in community-dwelling older adults - cross-sectional analysis from the MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort located in Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. Association models tested appetite loss (SNAQ - dependent variable) against frailty (FI-36), depressive symptoms (GDS) and socialeconomic variables (schooling and ethnicity as proxies) through logistic regression models (single and multiple); Article 3 (A3) - Applicability of GLIM criteria in community-dwelling older adults from Brazil: data from MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort - It were tested 21 GLIM combinations from phenotypic (unintentional weight loss-WL, low Body Mass Index-BMI and reduced muscle mass - calf circunference-CP) and etiological (reduced food intake-SNAQ and disease burden- Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI) criteria for best GLIM combinations to this sample. Each combination was tested against a tool indicated as a "semi-gold standard" (the Mini-Nutritional Assessment- full form; MNA-FF). Therefore ROC curves were analysed; the best combinations, according to sensibility (SE) and specificity (SP), were tested in regression models to verify the association with frailty (FI-36) and sarcopenia (SARC-F). Main Results: A1 - SNAQ Portuguese version maintained the original meaning and referral; It was required some modifications as inclusion of other options to the answers of some questions and a meal definition; A2-The multiple regression models showed association between appetite loss and age (OR=1.11; 95%CI=1.03-1.20, p<0.01), being non-white (OR=6.47; 95%CI=1.63-25.58; p<0.01) and presence of depressive symptoms (OR=8.38; 95%CI=2.31-30.47, p<0.01); A3-GLIM1-BMI and SNAQ was the best combination for malnutrition (AUC=0.98; 95%CI=0.97-0.99; SE=1,0; SP=0.96) and identified 4.2% of malnutrition on this sample. For frailty, GLIM20 - CC, WL, SNAQ and CCI had the best adjusted beta and lowest CI (Adj. ß=0.050; SE=0.01; p=0.01; 95%CI=0.010-0.080). There was no significant association with sarcopenia. Conclusions: Portuguese version of the SNAQ questionnaire demonstrates association to other clinical and psychosocial aspects in older adults; its easy and low-cost applicability demonstrate the possibility to be included in GLIM criteria for malnutrition evaluation in our sample, which was composed by community-dwelling older adults.


Subject(s)
Appetite , Aged , Aging , Anorexia , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition , Frailty
18.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e220195, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514844

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to compare the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Subjective Global Assessment methods produced by the patient in the nutritional assessment of cancer in-patients. Methods Cross-sectional study with a prospective variable, conducted with patients admitted to a public hospital in Pernambuco, Brazil. The application of these tools and the diagnosis of malnutrition were performed within the first 48 hours of admission. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records and weight, height, arm circumference, triceps skinfold and handgrip strength data were collected. Results The 82 patients evaluated included mostly men aged ≥ 60 years with less than 8 years education. Malnutrition frequency was 93.7% according to the Subjective Global Assessment and including 23.2% severe malnutrition while, according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, 50% of the patients were considered severely malnourished. Malnutrition by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition showed a sensitivity of 82.9% and when associated with handgrip strength sensitivity was 90.8%, considering the Subjective global assessment produced by the patient as a reference; on the other hand, the specificity was 16.7% independently of adding handgrip strength. None of the anthropometric variables was associated with the reference tool. Conclusion The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition proved to be a very sensitive tool for diagnosing malnutrition when compared to the gold standard, particularly for severe malnutrition, but with little specificity. The need for a comprehensive nutritional assessment in the clinical practice was confirmed, using the parameters available and not interpreting them separately.


RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os métodos Global Leadership Initiativeon Malnutrition e Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente na avaliação nutricional de pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados. Métodos Estudo transversal com uma variável prospectiva, realizado com pacientes internados em um hospital público de Pernambuco. A aplicação dessas ferramentas e o diagnóstico de desnutrição foram realizados nas primeiras 48 horas de admissão. Dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais foram obtidos do prontuário, e dados com peso, altura, circunferência do braço, prega cutânea tricipital e força de preensão palmar foram coletados. Resultados Dos 82 pacientes avaliados, a maioria eram homens com idade ≥60 anos com menos de 8 anos de estudo. A frequência de desnutrição foi de 93,7% pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global; destes, 23,2% com desnutrição grave. Já pela Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, 50% dos pacientes foram considerados desnutridos graves. A desnutrição pela Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition apresentou uma sensibilidade de 82,9% e de 90,8% quando associada à força de preensão palmar considerando a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente como referência. Por sua vez, a especificidade foi de 16,7% independentemente de adicionar a força de preensão palmar. Nenhuma das variáveis antropométricas apresentou associação com a ferramenta de referência. Conclusão A Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition mostrou-se uma ferramenta bastante sensível para diagnosticar desnutrição quando comparada ao padrão ouro, principalmente para desnutrição grave, porém pouco específica. Ratificou-se a necessidade de uma avaliação nutricional ampla na prática clínica, utilizando os parâmetros disponíveis e não os interpretando de forma isolada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Hospitalization , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Hospitals, Public
19.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e220239, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441042

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Early detection of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children can improve health outcomes and quality of life; however, the number of studies where the pediatric screening tool is appropriate for Turkish children is limited. Therefore, this article aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition risk in pediatric patients evaluated with Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, and Simple Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with original and adjusted cutoffs and to evaluate which pediatric screening tool is appropriate for Turkish children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, four published nutritional risk screening tools (Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool) were applied to pediatric inpatients (n=604) aged 1 month to 17 years, admitted to a pediatric ward for at least 24 hours. Results: Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with adjusted cutoffs had the greatest recognition rate (94.2%) of acute malnutrition. Having a high nutritional risk by Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score was associated with an increased risk of acute (OR: 6.57 for Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, 5.84 for Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and 20.35 for Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score) and chronic malnutrition (OR: 1.27 for Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, 3.28 for Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and 1.72 for Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score). Classifying the at-risk category by the Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool was related to raised odds of malnutrition (OR: 2.64 for original and 5.24 for adjusted cutoffs). This positive association was also observed for acute (OR: 4.07 for original cutoffs, and 28.01 for adjusted cutoffs) and chronic malnutrition (OR: 1.14 for original cutoffs, and 1.67 for adjusted cutoffs). Conclusion: Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with adjusted cutoffs and Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score have higher diagnostic accuracy than other screening tools in assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized Turkish children and detecting children, particularly with acute malnutrition.


RESUMO Objetivo: A detecção precoce do risco de desnutrição em crianças hospitalizadas pode melhorar a saúde e a qualidade de vida, porém o número de estudos em que a ferramenta de triagem pediátrica é apropriada para crianças turcas é limitado. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência do risco de desnutrição em pacientes pediátricos avaliados com Ferramenta de Triagem para Risco no Estado Nutricional e Crescimento, Ferramenta de Triagem para Avaliação de Desnutrição em Pediatria, Escore de Malnutrição Pediátrica de Yorkhill e Ferramenta de Triagem de Nutrição Pediátrica Simples com pontos de corte originais e ajustados para avaliar qual ferramenta de triagem pediátrica é apropriada para crianças turcas. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, quatro ferramentas de triagem de risco nutricional publicadas (Ferramenta de Triagem para Risco no Estado Nutricional e Crescimento, Ferramenta de Triagem para Avaliação de Desnutrição em Pediatria, Escore de Malnutrição Pediátrica de Yorkhill, Ferramenta de Triagem de Nutrição Pediátrica) foram aplicadas a pacientes pediátricos (n=604) com idades entre 1 mês e 17 anos, internados em uma enfermaria pediátrica por pelo menos 24 horas. Resultados: A Ferramenta de Triagem de Nutrição Pediátrica com pontos de corte ajustados obteve a maior taxa de reconhecimento de desnutrição aguda (94,2%), enquanto a Ferramenta de Triagem para Avaliação de Desnutrição em Pediatria teve a maior taxa na identificação da desnutrição crônica (67,4%). Essas associações positivas foram mais notáveis para desnutrição aguda (OR: 6,57 para Ferramenta de Triagem para Risco no Estado Nutricional e Crescimento, 5,84 para Ferramenta de Triagem para Avaliação de Desnutrição em Pediatria e 20,35 para Escore de Malnutrição Pediátrica de Yorkhill) do que para desnutrição crônica (OR: 1,27 para Ferramenta de Triagem para Risco no Estado Nutricional e Crescimento, 3,28 para Ferramenta de Triagem para Avaliação de Desnutrição em Pediatria e 1,72 para Escore de Malnutrição Pediátrica de Yorkhill). A classificação da categoria de risco pela Ferramenta de Triagem de Nutrição Pediátrica foi relacionada a maiores chances de desnutrição (OR: 2,64 para pontos de corte originais e 5,24 para pontos de corte ajustados). Essa associação positiva também foi observada para desnutrição aguda (OR: 4,07 para pontos de corte originais e 28,01 para pontos de corte ajustados) e crônica (OR: 1,14 para pontos de corte originais e 1,67 para pontos de corte ajustados). Conclusão: A Ferramenta de Triagem de Nutrição Pediátrica com pontos de corte ajustados e Escore de Malnutrição Pediátrica de Yorkhill têm maior precisão diagnóstica do que outras ferramentas de triagem na avaliação do estado nutricional de crianças turcas hospitalizadas e na detecção da desnutrição aguda em particular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child, Hospitalized , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Turkey , Nutrition Assessment , Cross-Sectional Studies
20.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e230030, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521584

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to build geographic models related to the nutritional status of adolescents and describe territories regarding the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity, in order to spatially represent how the nutritional status of adolescents is distributed in the city. Methods Using geocoding techniques, graphic models were built using data from the SISVAN platform, as well as the addresses and nutritional status of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the municipality of Divinópolis, in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), between 2020 and 2021. Results There was a prevalence of 34% of obesity and overweight in the 2020 and 2021 samples. The graphical models showed that there is no specific pattern of points for the spread of nutritional diagnoses, but it was possible to identify areas of heat and places with a higher concentration of overweight. Underweight had a homogeneous spread and did not stand out in the formation of profiles. Conclusion Geographic tools with the adolescents' nutritional profile were successfully modeled, which have the potential to contribute to better health indicator management in the assessed territory, even with the limitations of the study.


RESUMO Objetivo Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir modelos geográficos relativos ao perfil nutricional de adolescentes e descrever territórios quanto à prevalência de déficit de peso e excesso de peso, de modo a representar espacialmente como o diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes está distribuído na área estudada. Métodos Através da técnica de geocodificação foram construídos modelos gráficos utilizando a plataforma SISVAN, os endereços e o estado nutricional de adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos do município de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Resultados Houve prevalência de 34% de excesso de peso na amostra de 2020 e 2021. Os modelos gráficos mostraram que não há um padrão específico de pontos de propagação dos diagnósticos nutricionais, porém foi possível identificar áreas de calor e locais de maior concentração de excesso de peso. O déficit de peso teve um espalhamento homogêneo e não se destacou na formação de perfis. Conclusão Foi possível modelar ferramentas geográficas com o perfil nutricional dos adolescentes, as quais têm potencial de contribuir para a melhor gestão de indicadores de saúde no território avaliado, mesmo com as limitações do estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Brazil , Nutrition Surveys/methods , Nutritional Status/ethnology , Adolescent , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , COVID-19/complications , Obesity/epidemiology
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